Food Poisoning - Signs and Symptoms
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Understanding Food Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, and Risks
What is Food Poisoning?
Food poisoning is an illness caused by consuming food contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. Contamination can occur at any stage of food production or preparation, highlighting the importance of food safety practices.
Common Causes of Food Poisoning
Food poisoning can result from various contaminants, including:
- Bacteria: Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter.
- Viruses: Norovirus and hepatitis A.
- Parasites: Harmful organisms that infect food or water.
- Toxins: Produced by bacteria or moulds, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum.
Signs and Symptoms of Food Poisoning
Symptoms of food poisoning typically appear within a few hours to a few days after consuming contaminated food. Common symptoms include:
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Diarrhoea, sometimes severe and watery.
- Stomach cramps and abdominal pain.
- Fever and chills.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Headache.
- Dehydration, especially if vomiting and diarrhoea are severe.
When to Seek Medical Attention
In some cases, food poisoning can be severe and require medical intervention. Contact a healthcare provider if you experience:
- A high fever over 38°C.
- Prolonged vomiting that prevents you from keeping liquids down.
- Signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, dizziness, or little to no urination.
- Bloody stools.
- Severe abdominal pain.
- Symptoms that persist for more than three days.
Vulnerable Groups
Certain groups are more at risk of severe complications from food poisoning, including:
- The elderly, whose immune systems may be weaker.
- Young children, as their immune systems are still developing.
- Pregnant women, due to potential risks to both mother and baby.
- Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing medical treatments or with chronic illnesses.
These groups should exercise extra caution and seek medical advice promptly if food poisoning is suspected.
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